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News scientifiques - 57 réponse(s) - Another research

What's left of wild mammals?

What's left of wild mammals?

© Musat/Getty Images Through their interactions with the biosphere, wild herbivorous mammals could influence the climate. But it is difficult to estimate their importance without a model that can estimate their populations and simulate their ecological role. This is why two climatologists from the LSCE, as part of a collaborative project, have developed a numerical model of mammal populations, which they have supplemented with empirical data.

The biggest heatwave ever recorded in Antarctica (in March 2022)

The biggest heatwave ever recorded in Antarctica (in March 2022)

A collaboration of 54 scientists from 14 countries involving the LSCE (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ) is analysing the exceptional heat episode that occurred from 15 to 19 March 2022 in East Antarctica (+30°C to +40°C). The effects were varied and worrying. Numerous temperature records were broken in Antarctica in March 2022. In particular, the temperature of -9.4°C on 18 March 2022 near the Concordia station struck a chord, as March is usually marked by a rapid winter chill.

Ensembles of climate simulations to anticipate worst case heatwaves during the Paris 2024 Olympics

Ensembles of climate simulations to anticipate worst case heatwaves during the Paris 2024 Olympics

The fortnight of the Olympic Games in Paris in 2024 will take place from 26 July to 11 August, which is when the temperature in France is at its hottest. The hottest fortnight in Paris is still August 2003, 20 years ago, with disastrous health and environmental consequences.

The AICC2023 chronological framework and associated timescale for the EPICA Dome C ice core,

The AICC2023 chronological framework and associated timescale for the EPICA Dome C ice core,

Polar boreholes provide unique records of the climate over the last 800,000 years. By analysing the ice and air bubbles, it is possible to reconstruct variations in local temperature and atmospheric composition. These boreholes have documented large-scale climatic changes, such as the glacial-interglacial transitions that affect the entire Earth system at intervals ranging from 40,000 to 120,000 years.

Linking Acqua Alta events to Mediterranean cyclones in Venice

Linking Acqua Alta events to Mediterranean cyclones in Venice

Acqua Alta events in Venice, including the catastrophic floods of 1966, 2008, 2018 and 2019, have inflicted substantial damage on the city's cultural and economic heritage, including the iconic St Mark's Basilica, historic shops and beloved businesses such as Caffè Florian.

SolarEV City Concept for Paris

SolarEV City Concept for Paris

Urban decarbonization is one of the pillars for strategies to achieve carbon neutrality around the world. However, the current speed of urban decarbonization is insufficient to keep pace with efforts to achieve this goal. Rooftop photovoltaics (PVs) integrated with electric vehicles (EVs) as battery is a promising technology scalable to supply CO2-free, affordable, and dispatchable electricity in urban environments (“SolarEV City Concept”).

Reporting carbon fluxes from unmanaged forest

Reporting carbon fluxes from unmanaged forest

The scientific community has made great progress in quantifying and understanding terrestrial flows of greenhouse gases over the last 20 years. This provides policy-makers with a basis for rethinking the approach of separating managed and unmanaged land. Unmanaged land is not included in current country reports on greenhouse gas emissions for the Paris Agreement. Only forests that countries declare to be managed, i.e. under their responsibility (i.e.

Urbanization and water quality: limestone encrustation of the Grand Aqueduc de Belleville reveals 300 years of history.

Urbanization and water quality: limestone encrustation of the Grand Aqueduc de Belleville reveals 300 years of history.

See attached .... Among organic pollutants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are commonly analysed as part of water quality assessments. After being emitted into the atmosphere, these persistent organic pollutants are deposited on the continental surface, where they are transported to the aquatic environment by run-off and infiltration waters. Mainly due to anthropogenic emissions, PAHs can therefore be considered as a proxy for human activities.

The southward shift in Southern Ocean winds during the last deglaciation was synchronous with the increase in atmospheric CO2.

The southward shift in Southern Ocean winds during the last deglaciation was synchronous with the increase in atmospheric CO2.

The mid-latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere are characterized by strong westerly winds circulating in a relatively narrow band of latitudes. These zonal winds play an important role in ocean circulation and influence the oceans' capacity to store carbon. These winds are therefore also thought to play a key role in regulating atmospheric CO2 during past glacial-interglacial cycles. However, past variations in their position and strength remain poorly understood.

Shifting the acidity peak from winter to summer in the Arctic Ocean and the threat to its ecosystem

Shifting the acidity peak from winter to summer in the Arctic Ocean and the threat to its ecosystem

A Franco-German study coordinated by the LSCE (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ) estimates that climate change could shift the peak in Arctic Ocean acidity from winter to summer, which would be disruptive to the ecosystem.. See

A “double-edged sword” - the reduction of soil available phosphorus by increases in atmospheric CO2

A “double-edged sword” - the reduction of soil available phosphorus by increases in atmospheric CO2

A “double-edged sword” - the reduction of soil available phosphorus by increases in atmospheric CO2 c)okugawa/Getty Images Carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake by photosynthesis allows crops to grow biomass. Crops are expected to produce more biomass with a higher CO2 concentration. This is the CO2 fertilization effect widely known in the scientific community.

Climate change could greatly diminish the effectiveness of biomass-based CO2 capture technologies

Climate change could greatly diminish the effectiveness of biomass-based CO2 capture technologies

An international collaboration involving the LSCE (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ) recommends the earliest possible deployment of these technologies on a large scale. If postponed to the latter half of this century, the available biomass production would be largely reduced by climate change, jeopardizing the goal of containing global warming to 2°C by 2100, and potentially leading to food shortages. https://www.cea.

Attributing Extreme Events to Climate Change using Observations and taking into account the Atmospheric Circulation

Attributing Extreme Events to Climate Change using Observations and taking into account the Atmospheric Circulation

Attributing Extreme Events to Climate Change using Observations and taking into account the Atmospheric Circulation When extreme events are very rare, it is often difficult to prove that their probability of occurrence has changed due to climate change. Thus a new way of doing things has appeared to study the link between climate change and extreme events.

The world’s largest CO2 emitters can now be identified by satellite

The world’s largest CO2 emitters can now be identified by satellite

.. For the first time ever, an international collaboration involving the LSCE (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ) is providing a global view of large CO2 plumes attributable to fossil fuels through satellite observations.

Seasonal peak in Arctic Ocean acidity could shift to the summer

Seasonal peak in Arctic Ocean acidity could shift to the summer

The acidity of the Arctic Ocean currently peaks in winter. A modelling study suggests that this peak could shift to the summer in the future — this is bad news for ecosystem functions, food webs and Indigenous communities. The global ocean is gradually acidifying on multidecadal timescales. This acidification occurs when carbon dioxide generated by human activities is absorbed by the ocean, and produces conditions in which many marine organisms cannot thrive.

Delayed use of bioenergy crops might threaten climate and food security

Delayed use of bioenergy crops might threaten climate and food security

The potential of mitigation actions to limit global warming within 2 °C (ref. ) might rely on the abundant supply of biomass for large-scale bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) that is assumed to scale up markedly in the future. However, the detrimental effects of climate change on crop yields may reduce the capacity of BECCS and threaten food security, thus creating an unrecognized positive feedback loop on global warming.

Plutonium isotopy as a dating tool to reconstruct the recent history of land use in South America

Plutonium isotopy as a dating tool to reconstruct the recent history of land use in South America

A French-South American consortium led by the LSCE (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ) is working to explain the chronology and spatial distribution of radionuclides deposited in South America following atmospheric nuclear testing. Their research, based on measurements of plutonium isotopes in soil and sediment samples, will enable the precise reconstruction of the evolution in land use since the 1960s.

Reducing Forest Loss: A Carbon Proof Statement

Reducing Forest Loss: A Carbon Proof Statement

The 2021 Glasgow Declaration on Forests and Land Use may turn out to be an empty shell. According to the work of three climate scientists, including one from the LSCE (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ), the terms of stopping forest loss have a major impact on carbon sequestration that may prove very disappointing.

The Brazilian Amazon rainforest has been losing its carbon stock over the past decade

The Brazilian Amazon rainforest has been losing its carbon stock over the past decade

According to a study involving scientists from the University of Oklahoma (USA), INRAE and the LSCE (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ), the Brazilian Amazon rainforest has released more carbon than it has absorbed over the last ten years. The cause: the degradation of the forest due to human activities and climate change. see

Potential carbon dioxide removal from enhanced weathering by ecosystem responses to powdered rock

Potential carbon dioxide removal from enhanced weathering by ecosystem responses to powdered rock

In a new article in Nature Geoscience, an international research team led by Daniel Goll from the LSCE explored the use of soil amendment with powdered basalt. This is a fully developed NET which can be co-deployed in existing land systems and is thus suited for rapid upscaling. The principle of this NET is to enhance the natural reaction of carbon dioxide with weathering minerals.

CO2 emissions data for 50 US States

CO2 emissions data for 50 US States

The new US Carbon Monitor web site is online The site provides free access to daily CO2 emissions data for 50 States and six sectors, including domestic and international air traffic. Also is a link to the submitted publication led by Chaopeng Hong and Steven Davis https://us.carbonmonitor.org https://doi.org/10.31223/X5BS5B https://eartharxiv.org/repository/view/2233/

A statistical and dynamic approach to better understand the limits of COVID-19 epidemiological models

A statistical and dynamic approach to better understand the limits of COVID-19 epidemiological models

Noting the inconsistencies in health policies aimed at combating COVID-19, a mathematician from the LSCE (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ) and his co-authors are calling attention to the poor quality of available data, as well as the intrinsic sensitivity of epidemiological models to these data.

Mapping the spatial distribution of global 137Cs fallout in soils of South America as a baseline for Earth Science studies

Mapping the spatial distribution of global 137Cs fallout in soils of South America as a baseline for Earth Science studies

The Green Revolution of the 1960s led to a significant increase in cultivated areas at the expense of natural ecosystems, particularly in South America. This cultivation of soils led to an increase in erosion rates and the siltation of water bodies downstream. However, very limited data is available to quantify these phenomena and there is a debate raging about their extent within the scientific community.

Uncovering how grasslands changed our climate

Uncovering how grasslands changed our climate

Grasslands are managed worldwide to support livestock production, while remaining natural or semi-natural ones provide critical services that contribute to the wellbeing of both people and the planet. Human activities are however causing grasslands to become a source of greenhouse gas emissions rather than a carbon sink. A new study uncovered how grasslands used by humans have changed our climate over the last centuries.

Ocean circulation would have contributed to the first colonization of North America

Ocean circulation would have contributed to the first colonization of North America

According to an international study involving researchers from the LSCE (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ), a significant change in ocean currents in the North Pacific would have favored the first human migration from Asia to North America, at the end of the last ice age. Accounting for nearly half of all water in our oceans, the Pacific is a vast reservoir of heat and CO2.

Emissions de N2O / N2O emissions and budget

Emissions de N2O / N2O emissions and budget

de la part de Philippe Ciais We are very pleased to inform you that the Global Carbon Project in partnership with the International Nitrogen Initiative has just published a Global N2O Budget. It is the most comprehensive assessment to date of all natural and anthropogenic sources and sinks of nitrous oxide, the third most important greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide and methane. Paper access: https://rdcu.

Davide Faranda récompensé pour un article du blog de l’Union européenne des géosciences

Davide Faranda récompensé pour un article du blog de l’Union européenne des géosciences

L’article “Abrupt Warming could bring our planet a Hothouse Earth with catastrophic consequences for our economy and society” de Davide Faranda, chercheur au LSCE, a été distingué par le vote du public pour la Division “The Nonlinear Processes division” du blog de de l’EGU (European Geosciences Union).

CO2 emissions & COVID-19

CO2 emissions & COVID-19

Une équipe internationale co-coordonnée par le LSCE vient de produire une première estimation des émissions de CO2 évitées en raison de la crise sanitaire entre le 1er Janvier et le 1er Mai. Ces estimations sont basées sur des données en temps réel de production d'électricité, des données sur la production industrielle et celle de ciment, divers indicateurs de transports routiers comme des données de mobilité, les comptages des vols nationaux et internationaux et le traffic maritime international. Cliquez pour la suite...

Fukushima : un retour sous haute surveillance

Fukushima : un retour sous haute surveillance

Quelque 160 000 personnes ont été évacuées suite à l’accident de la centrale de Fukushima Daiichi, après le tremblement de terre et le tsunami qui frappèrent le Japon le 11 mars 2011, il y a neuf ans. Mitate Lab.

Hunting of Methane transfert from the seafloor to the atmosphere in the Black Sea by combining European Research Infrastructures (EU project ENVRI)

Hunting of Methane transfert from the seafloor to the atmosphere in the Black Sea by combining European Research Infrastructures (EU project ENVRI)

Scientists from four different research infrastructures in Europe combined forces for a joint expedition in the Black Sea. They studied methane transfer from the sediment up to the atmosphere. The process is crucial to understand in order to improve current predictions of climate change. etc.. see attached Press-Release_Methane_cruise_ENVRIplus.pdf (507 Ko)

Hunting of Methane transfert from the seafloor to the atmosphere in the Black Sea by combining European Research Infrastructures (EU project ENVRI)

Hunting of Methane transfert from the seafloor to the atmosphere in the Black Sea by combining European Research Infrastructures (EU project ENVRI)

Scientists from four different research infrastructures in Europe combined forces for a joint expedition in the Black Sea. They studied methane transfer from the sediment up to the atmosphere. The process is crucial to understand in order to improve current predictions of climate change. etc.. see attached Press-Release_Methane_cruise_ENVRIplus.pdf (507 Ko)

Hunting of Methane transfert from the seafloor to the atmosphere in the Black Sea by combining European Research Infrastructures (EU project ENVRI)

Hunting of Methane transfert from the seafloor to the atmosphere in the Black Sea by combining European Research Infrastructures (EU project ENVRI)

Scientists from four different research infrastructures in Europe combined forces for a joint expedition in the Black Sea. They studied methane transfer from the sediment up to the atmosphere. The process is crucial to understand in order to improve current predictions of climate change. etc.. see attached Press-Release_Methane_cruise_ENVRIplus.pdf (507 Ko)

Hunting of Methane transfert from the seafloor to the atmosphere in the Black Sea by combining European Research Infrastructures (EU project ENVRI)

Hunting of Methane transfert from the seafloor to the atmosphere in the Black Sea by combining European Research Infrastructures (EU project ENVRI)

Scientists from four different research infrastructures in Europe combined forces for a joint expedition in the Black Sea. They studied methane transfer from the sediment up to the atmosphere. The process is crucial to understand in order to improve current predictions of climate change. etc.. see attached Press-Release_Methane_cruise_ENVRIplus.pdf (507 Ko)

Verdissement de la Terre et réchauffement global

Verdissement de la Terre et réchauffement global

Grâce à des modèles utilisant des données satellitaires, une collaboration internationale impliquant le LSCE montre que le verdissement de la Terre, à l'œuvre depuis quarante ans, aurait modéré le réchauffement global de 0,2 à 0,25°C. Son analyse détaille la géographie, les causes et les conséquences de ce phénomène. http://www.cea.

Fukushima: lessons learnt from an extraordinary case of soil decontamination

Fukushima: lessons learnt from an extraordinary case of soil decontamination

Following the accident at the Fukushima nuclear power plant in Japan, in March 2011, the Japanese authorities decided to carry out major decontamination works in the affected area, which covers more than 9,000 km2.

Hunting of Methane transfert from the seafloor to the atmosphere in the Black Sea by combining European Research Infrastructures (EU project ENVRI)

Hunting of Methane transfert from the seafloor to the atmosphere in the Black Sea by combining European Research Infrastructures (EU project ENVRI)

Scientists from four different research infrastructures in Europe combined forces for a joint expedition in the Black Sea. They studied methane transfer from the sediment up to the atmosphere. The process is crucial to understand in order to improve current predictions of climate change. etc.. see attached Press-Release_Methane_cruise_ENVRIplus.pdf (507 Ko)

Collapse of forest elephant populations in central Africa rainforests reduces aboveground carbon stocks

Collapse of forest elephant populations in central Africa rainforests reduces aboveground carbon stocks

Référence : " Carbon stocks in central African forests enhanced by elephant disturbance ". Fabio Berzaghi, Marcos Longo, Philippe Ciais, Stephen Blake, François Bretagnolle, Simone Vieira, Marcos Scaranello, Giuseppe Scarascia-Mugnozza & Christopher E. Doughty. Nature Géosciences, 2019.

China and India dominate in greening the Earth

China and India dominate in greening the Earth

Dynamic Greenland ice sheet driven by pCO 2 variations across the Pliocene Pleistocene transition

Dynamic Greenland ice sheet driven by pCO 2 variations across the Pliocene Pleistocene transition

It is generally considered that the perennial glaciation of Greenland lasting several orbital cycles began around 2.7 Ma along with the intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation (NHG). Both data and model studies have demonstrated that a decline in atmospheric pCO2 was instrumental in establishing a perennial Greenland ice sheet (GrIS), yet models have enerally used simplistic pCO2 constraints rather than data-inferred pCO2 evolution.

Choosing the future of Antarctica

Choosing the future of Antarctica

Choosing the future of Antarctica S.R. rintoul, S. L. chown, r. M. Deconto, M. H. england, H. A. Fricker, V. Masson-Delmotte, T.R. Naish, M. J. siegert & J. C. Xavier https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0173-4 Nature, Published: 13 June 2018 credit: Alain Mazaud, LSCE "We present two narratives on the future of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean, from the perspective of an observer looking back from 2070.

Carbon-14 provides direct evidence of synthetic chemicals in ancient cosmetics

Carbon-14 provides direct evidence of synthetic chemicals in ancient cosmetics

Absolute dating of lead carbonates in ancient cosmetics by radiocarbon, Communications Chemistry, Lucile Beck, Ingrid Caffy, Emmanuelle Delqué-Količ, Christophe Moreau, Jean-Pascal Dumoulin, Marion Perron, Hélène Guichard, Violaine Jeammet – DOI : 10.

Lessons about a future warmer world using data from the past

Lessons about a future warmer world using data from the past

Selected intervals in the past that were as warm or warmer than today can help us understand what the Earth may be like under future global warming. A latest assessment of past warm periods, published in Nature Geoscience by an international team of 59 scientists from 17 nations, shows that in response to the warming ecosystems and climate zones will spatially shift and on millennial time scales ice sheets will substantially shrink.

L'Homme était déjà présent aux Philippines il y a quelques 700 000 ans !

L'Homme était déjà présent aux Philippines il y a quelques 700 000 ans !

Evénements climatiques extrèmes et rendements du blé

Evénements climatiques extrèmes et rendements du blé

Véritable grenier à blé de l’Europe de l’ouest, la France connaît en 2016 une production des plus catastrophiques.

Acidité des océans : variations saisonnières plus marquées

Acidité des océans : variations saisonnières plus marquées

Selon une étude menée par les chercheurs du LSCE (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ), d’ici la fin du siècle les variations saisonnières de l’acidité des océans seront plus marquées qu’aujourd’hui, pouvant même être multipliées par deux.

Les premiers hommes modernes découverts hors d'Afrique

Les premiers hommes modernes découverts hors d'Afrique

La sortie d’Afrique de notre espèce Homo sapiens vient d’être repoussée d’au moins 60 000 ans par rapport à ce que l’on pensait jusqu’à présent.

Portraits des lauréat.e.s 2017 de la médaille d'argent du CNRS, Philippe Ciais est Lauréat pour le LSCE

Portraits des lauréat.e.s 2017 de la médaille d'argent du CNRS, Philippe Ciais est Lauréat pour le LSCE

Voir: http://www.cnrs.fr/CNRS-Hebdo/IdF-sud/lettre.php?numero=417#actu12665

Vagues de chaleur extrème en Europe pendant l'été 2017: un signe net du réchauffement global !

Vagues de chaleur extrème en Europe pendant l'été 2017: un signe net du réchauffement global !

Les températures estivales ont battu des records historiques cet été dans la région euro-méditerranéenne, en moyenne comme en pointe.

De la fonte accélérée du Groenland aux migrations climatiques du Sahel

De la fonte accélérée du Groenland aux migrations climatiques du Sahel

Pour la première fois, une étude interdisciplinaire, à laquelle participe le CEA, a évalué l’impact, que pourrait avoir, au cours du 21ème siècle une fonte accélérée de la calotte de glace groenlandaise sur un des écosystèmes agricoles les plus vulnérables de la planète, le Sahel, et sur ses populations.

Comment les anomalies météos influencent les émissions de CO2/Inter-annual variability in fossil-fuel CO2 emissions due to temperature anomalies

Comment les anomalies météos influencent les émissions de CO2/Inter-annual variability in fossil-fuel CO2 emissions due to temperature anomalies

(English version: http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aa693d Résumé: Les anomalies saisonnières, telles que la douceur de l’hiver et l’automne 2014 en France ou les faibles chaleurs de l’été 2014 au Japon, ont une influence non négligeable sur le bilan des émissions de CO2 des pays.

Nature contents: 23 February 2017: Didier Paillard

Nature contents: 23 February 2017: Didier Paillard

** Climate science: Predictable ice ages on a chaotic planet Didier Paillard http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=145&ms=NTM0ODAyODcS1&r=MjA1NzU2MzMxMgS2&b=2&j=MTEwMzY4MzEwNQS2&mt=1&rt=0

New data about CO2 absorption

New data about CO2 absorption

For the first time, cement degradation through time was considered in terms of CO2 absorption by researchers of the Laboratory for climate and environmental sciences (LSCE, Gif-sur-Yvette France, CEA/ CNRS/ UVSQ). This carbon sink, which is growing rapidely has to be taken onto account.

Data Visualization: 2014 CO2 Emissions

Data Visualization: 2014 CO2 Emissions

Following on the Global Carbon Atlas project (http://www.globalcarbonatlas.org) organized by LSCE, we have developed a new data visualization using global CO2 emissions data from CICERO. With this application you can interactively explore the emissions of five major sources and their distribution over region and country (50 highest, year 2014). China, the US, Europe and India continue to be the world's top emitters in 2014.

Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability, from Working Group II of the IPCC

Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability, from Working Group II of the IPCC

IPCC Report: A changing climate creates pervasive risks but opportunities exist for effective responses Responses will face challenges with high warming of the climate YOKOHAMA, Japan, 31 March – The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) issued a report today that says the effects of climate change are already occurring on all continents and across the oceans. The world, in many cases, is ill-prepared for risks from a changing climate.

Climate change increased the likelihood of damaging frosts from the French April 2021 cold wave by about 60%

Climate change increased the likelihood of damaging frosts from the French April 2021 cold wave by about 60%

Warmer winter temperatures brought forward the growing season, leaving crops more vulnerable to frost Between 6 and 8 April 2021 an intense late frost episode damaged agricultural lands in France. Vineyards in particular were severely affected, with early assessments estimating losses of almost 2 billion euros. The cold wave hit France after the country experienced record high temperatures in March.

Carbon 14 dating: The wax bust of Flora is not by Leonardo da Vinci

Carbon 14 dating: The wax bust of Flora is not by Leonardo da Vinci

Researchers from the LSCE/LMC14 (CEA-CNRS-UVSQ) and the Institut de recherche de Chimie Paris (CNRS-Chimie ParisTech-C2RMF) have settled a long-standing controversy: the wax bust of Flora kept in the Bode Museum in Berlin is later than the Renaissance. To achieve this, they conducted a rigorous investigation, combining chemical analyses and carbon-14 measurements, and succeeded in meeting the challenge of dating an extract of a marine animal, whalebone (or spermaceti) .... etc..

Hunting of Methane transfert from the seafloor to the atmosphere in the Black Sea by combining European Research Infrastructures (EU project ENVRI)

Hunting of Methane transfert from the seafloor to the atmosphere in the Black Sea by combining European Research Infrastructures (EU project ENVRI)

Scientists from four different research infrastructures in Europe combined forces for a joint expedition in the Black Sea. They studied methane transfer from the sediment up to the atmosphere. The process is crucial to understand in order to improve current predictions of climate change. etc.. see attached Press-Release_Methane_cruise_ENVRIplus.pdf (507 Ko)

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